The concept of sterile insect technique sit fruitfly. Sit technique may be applied as part of an areawide control integrated pest management approach of insects of medical, veterinary, and agricultural. The released insects are preferably male, as this is more costeffective and the females may in some situations cause damage by laying eggs in the crop, or, in the case of mosquitoes, taking blood from humans. Since then, strategic deployment of sterile flies has been used effectively in many localesmost recently, northern africato protect vast areas from the horrific screwworms predations. Bushland had developed a way of massrearing screwworms by the late 1930s. Because these sterile males vastly outnumber their wild brothers, the majority of females will mate with them and thus produce no offspring. The sterile insect technique sit, involving the release of artificially reared sterile males, offers an environmentally friendly option for tsetse control and has been used successfully to eliminate tsetse from unguja island, zanzibar vreysen et al. Insects free fulltext twentyfive years of research.
Areawide management of fruit fly pests crc press book. It is not a standalone technology, but should be integrated with other pest management technologies, such as bait application and sanitation, in an areawide programme. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that integrates well into areawide integrated pest management awipm programmes. The strengths and weaknesses, and successes and failures, of the sit are evaluated openly. The sterile insect technique sit 1 is a method of pest insect control with a strong record of success against a range of agricultural pest insects dyck et al. Panelists answer audience questions collected both online and in person. Pdf environment and the sterile insect technique researchgate. Pdf about this book the sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that integrates well into areawide. Boosting the sterile insect technique with a biocide increases its.
The development and application of the sterile insect. The technology has expanded rapidly additional target species. Sterile insect technique principles and practice in areawide integrated pest management. The sterile insect technique sit uses a huge army of infertile male insects as a weapon against their own species. Pdf sterile insect technique principles and practice in. Genetically engineered moths stop wild counterparts from. Enkerlin insect pest control section, joint faoiaea division of nuclear techniques in food and agriculture, department of nuclear applications, international. The sterile insect technique sit is arguably the most ecologicallycompatible means of pest control in existence. Chapter 23 use of the sterile insect technique in an areawide approach to establish a fruit flylow prevalence area in thailand. Pdf sterile insect technique principles and practice in areawide. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Reproductive sterility is normally induced by ionizing radiation, a convenient and consistent method that maintains a reasonable degree. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly pest control.
Innovative tactical methods such as sterile insect technique sit, incompatible insect technique. Maini3 1medical and veterinary entomology department, centro agricoltura ambiente g. This book is a continuation of the development of the sterile insect technique sit specifically designed for use against, and management of, fruit flies. Large numbers of reproductively sterile irradiated insects are released into an area where a wild target population of the same species exists. Sterile insect technique an overview sciencedirect topics. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly pest control method that fits into areawide integrated pest management awipm programmes. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentally friendly method for the biological control of pests using areawide inundative release of sterile insects to reduce reproduction in a field population of the same species ippc, 2007. Field trials in the 1970s and 1980s demonstrated that the sit could also be made to work against mosquitoes, even with the technology then available lofgren et al. The technology has expanded rapidly additional target species, new rearing techniques, studies on genetics and insect behaviour, and especially integration into operational areawide integrated pest management awipm programmes. One of the main applications of ionizing radiations in entomology is the production of sterile insects by the sterile insect technique sit.
The sterile insect technique sit is a method of biological insect control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released into the wild. To be applied against any pest, the sit requires colonization and mass rearing of the target insect at reasonable cost, the sterilization of large numbers of the reared insects by ionizing irradiation using gamma or x. However, a number of political, economic, and biological factors interact to determine the actual feasibility of the technology on an insect by insect basis. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly, autocidal method to manage insect pests on an areawide basis. The sterile insect technique is an environmentallyfriendly insect pest control method involving the massrearing and sterilization, using radiation, of a target pest, followed by the systematic areawide release of the sterile males by air over defined areas, where they mate with wild females resulting in no offspring and a declining pest population. Standard guide for dosimetry for sterile insect release. Building on this accomplishment, knipling believed that the sterile insect technique sit would be effective in preventing reproduction of screwworms if a method could be developed to sterilize them. During the 1930s and 1940s the idea of releasing insects of pest species to introduce sterility sterile insect technique or sit into wild populations, and thus control them, was independently conceived in three extremely diverse intellectual environments. This book describes the principles and practice of sit, frankly evaluating its strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures. The sterile insect technique as a component of sustainable areawide integrated pest management of selected horticultural insect pests marc j. Purchase genetic control of insect pests 1st edition. Sterile insect technique or sit uses the first definition. Usda aphis a short history of the screwworm program. Combining sterile and incompatible insect techniques for.
Management or eradication of insect pests by sterile insect technique sit depends upon overflooding the pest population with sterile insects. Jorge hendrichs, alan robinson, in encyclopedia of insects second edition, 2009. As part of the of environmentallyfriendly control tactics, the sterile insect technique sit has proven to be a very effective tool pest management. Agriculture presents the largest market for transgenic insects and has a foundational history of success with sterile insect technique for control of pests including mediterranean fruit flies and screwworms. Wild female insects inseminated by released, radiationsterilized males do not reproduce, and repeated releases of the sterilized insects lead to a reduction in pest population numbers. The sterile insect technique sit is the ideal tool to complement efforts to eliminate beachheads of alien insect invasions. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that integrates well into areawide integrated pest. The technique was also celebrated by rachel carson in her 1962 book silent. The sterile insect technique sit is a control strategy that uses radiation to produce genetic mutations or chromosomal breaks to generate sterile adult insects. Sterile insect technique principles and practice in areawide. It is a challenge to bring together all relevant information about the sterile insect technique sit and its application in areawide integrated pest management aw ipm programmes. A first of its kind, this book takes a generic, comprehensive, and global approach in. An increased role is foreseen for the use of sit in suppression of alien invasive species, which will help fao and iaea member states.
The use of the sterile insect technique sit is a very attractive method of controlling insect pests worldwide because if its environmentally friendly methodology. Principles and practice in areawide integrated pest management. The use of sit is forecast to increase over the next decade. Sterile insect supply, emergence, and release297 r. However, the use of sit in african settings has been criticised on ecological. Principles and practice in areawide integrated pest management editors. The advent of novel genetic methods has led to renewed interest in the sterile insect technique sit for management of insect pests, owing to applications in mass rearing and in the production of sterile offspring without use of irradiation. Diamondback moth project at cornell university faq the. About this book the sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that integrates well into areawide integrated pest management awipm programmes. Cayol jp, hendrichs j, enkerlin w, et al 2002 the sterile insect technique. History of the sterile insect technique springerlink. Principles and practice in area wide integrated pest management.
Pdf about this book the sterile insect technique sit is an environment friendly method of pest control that integrates well into areawide. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that integrates. An areawide management programme for codling moth, cydia pomonella, has employed the sit and other management practices over a large area 3395 to 7331. The sterile insect technique is an environmentallyfriendly insect pest control method involving the massrearing and sterilization, using radiation, of a target pest, followed by the systematic areawide release of the sterile males by air over defined areas, where. Examines the latest developments in the sterile insect technique sit specifically designed to control fruit flies. Advances and challenges of using the sterile insect. The research builds on the sterile insect technique releasing insects that cant reproduce for managing insects that was developed back in the 1950s, using radiation. Rearing codling moth for the sterile insect technique. Use of the sterile insect technique against aedes albopictusin italy. The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly method of pest control that. The principles and dynamics involved in the sterile insect technique i massrearing ii sterilization iii release iv dynamics 3.
The sterile insect technique sit is an environmentfriendly pest control technique with application in the areawide integrated control of key pests, including the suppression or elimination of introduced populations and the exclusion of new introductions. Sterileinsect methods for control of mosquitoborne. Monitoring sterile and wild insects in areawide integrated pest. Sterile insect technique principles and practice in area. Suksom chinvinijkul, wanitch limohpasmanee, thanat chanket, alongkot uthaitanakit, puttipong phopanit.
The sterile insect technique is the first involving insect genetics for population control, and it can be applied only to pest species that reproduce by sexual means. Large numbers of male insects are reared in the lab, and then made infertile unab. Currently, ipm is a robust paradigm of pest control around the globe. Several factors indicate an increased use of the sit against fruit flies within the next decade. The sit can be defined as a control tactic that uses areawide inundative releases of sterile insects. The sterile insect technique sit is a method of biological insect control, whereby. Fruit flies and the sterile insect technique book, 1994. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on the alternative control methods against plant pests and diseases. It is effective only if the sexually sterile males are aggressive and successfully compete with wild males in searching for and mating with indigenous females. A first of its kind, this book takes a generic, comprehensive, and global approach in describing the principles and practice of the sit. A first of its kind, this book takes a generic, comprehensive, and global. Since sit practitioners tend to operate in the context of only one insect pest species, it was also a challenge for authors to develop and write their. Boosting the sterile insect technique with low doses of biocides transported by sterilised males could improve control of mosquitoborne. The sterile insect technique sit is a biologically based method for the control of key insect pests.